Introduction: The volume of retracted articles in all fields has increased significantly in recent years. Retracted publications in the medical field may endanger patients' health and cause disturbances in specialists' decisions. Immunology is one of the crucial branches of medicine, so this study is conducted to investigate the reasons for retraction and analyze retracted articles on immunology. Methods: This scientometric study was done in 2023 on the retracted articles of immunology. The data were obtained from the Web of Science database and were analyzed by R4. 2. 2, Biblioshiny software, Also, the Retraction Watch database has been used to identify the reasons for retractions. Results: The findings showed that the retracted immunology articles have increased significantly in recent years. From the 240 retracted immunology publications available in the WoS database, the most significant number of retracted articles were published by "Journal of Immunology" and "UNIV TEXAS" among institutions. The USA contributed the most to producing such articles. The most keywords of retracted articles were expression and activation. Seventy-two immunology journals have published retracted papers on the WoS,most of these were in quartile two journals. The main reason for retracting articles was "Investigation by Company/Institution. " Conclusion: Reviewing the reasons for retracting articles gives editors and editorial boards of journals, authors, and experts' essential information to avoid similar cases. Research ethics guidelines help researchers in producing and publishing authentic articles, so it is recommended that authors be aware of the contents of ethical guidelines.

The integrity of scientific research is crucial for advancing knowledge, and the retraction of articles has emerged as a vital mechanism for upholding this integrity. However, the implications of retracted articles on researcher evaluations-particularly concerning academic scores, H-index calculations, and journal impact factors-remain contentious. This commentary offers a comprehensive overview of how article retractions should be assessed concerning researcher and journal metrics. By synthesizing existing literature, the researcher highlighted the need for improved research evaluation practices and proposed recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects of retractions on these metrics. In addition, the researcher emphasizes the importance of transparency, contextual evaluation, and institutional policies to ensure fair academic assessments. Additionally, the present commentary discusses the underlying causes of retractions, their frequency, and the potential consequences for researchers whose work has been retracted. Finally, the researcher invited mathematicians, statisticians, ethicists, and researchers from various disciplines to develop new formulas and metrics considering retractions' consequences.

Background: Retraction of articles occurs as a result of scientific misconducts or honest errors. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the frequency of retracted Iranian publications, compared to those of other countries and adjust them with influential parameters. Methods: All publications that were indexed on the Scopus database from 2008 to 2017 and then retracted, due to scientific misconduct were extracted through the Retraction Watch database and selected as the research community. To calculate the growth of retraction for each proposed country (or region), first, the rate of an absolute number of retracted papers for the years 2013-2017 was divided by the similar number for years 2008-2012, then this rate was adjusted to the retracted rate which is similarly computed for the total retracted statistics of the world. Results: Overall, 545 Iranian retracted publications from 2008 to 2017 were identified, of which 240 and 305 retracted articles were related to the first five years and the second five years of the study, respectively. The results showed that less than 1% (0. 82) of all scientific articles published by Iranian researchers were retracted. However, the rate of retracted scientific articles in Iran compared to this rate in the world was significantly higher. Conclusion: Although retracted Iranian publications make up a small percentage of all Iranian publications, the number of retracted publications is increasing. It is important to recognize the reasons for scientific misconducts and to provide researchers with proper education.

Background: Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and a warning for readers in relation to publica-tions that contain serious flaws or erroneous data. As a result of growth and development of Iranian publications in the last two decades, that brings unethical behavior of researchers led to retraction of their publications. We aimed to investigate Iranian retracted publications indexed in PubMed database. Methods: All Iranian retracted publications published in PubMed up to Dec 2017 have been retrieved. Bibliographic information of retracted publications, retraction notice, time lag between article publication date and the date of re-traction notice, reasons of retraction, Issuer of retraction and acknowledge information of retracted publication were recorded. Additionally, citation data of retracted publications before 2013 were analyzed. Results: Overall, 164 Iranian retracted publications were identified. Meantime lag was 20. 8 months. "Islamic Azad University" and "Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)" were two affiliations that have received highest number of retracted publications. The most issuer of retraction publications was editor-in-chief and the most men-tioned reasons for retractions were authorship issues, plagiarism, and redundant publication. Thirty-three (20. 12%) publications have received funds from various agencies. Citation study of retracted publications indicates that these publications have received 789 citations (Citation per publication=11. 6). Conclusion: Although Iranian retracted publications represent small portion of all Iranian publications, but the number of retracted publications has increased. More than half of retracted publications have had authorship issues and plagiarism that requires more attention to research ethics authorities.